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Production and methods

Level of production and manufacturing processes?

The current level of production of nanomaterials is significantly different at industrial level or in the laboratory. For a complete inventory of anthropic particles, consult the database www.nanowerk.com. Three types of manufacturing processes of nano-objects (physical, chemical and mechanical) are used. These objects are then processed and subsequently incorporated into a volume or on a surface. Each integration is characterized by the particle bonding force with the structure.

What is the particle bonding force with the structure?

170_force_de_liaisonDispersion capacity depends on the state of the particles and the type of incorporation.

On a surface, powders are deposited for reinforcement or as a catalyst while tubes or wires are produced by growth. The bonding force of the deposited particles is very important. Wires or tubes obtained by growth are more vulnerable than powders that are deposited, their ability to disperse is more important.

In a volume, the integration is done either in a liquid medium or in a gel or a flexible matrix, or in a solid matrix. The liquid solutions (colloids) of the nano-objects are often used as intermediate products. In a non permanent matrix or in a gel, the nano-objects are less firmly fixed than in a strong matrix (e.g., ceramics).

The probability of dispersion of the nano-objects varies as the bonding force with the integration support. It will therefore be very important for dry powders, medium in a colloid, low or very low in other cases.